What does PDU Session Modification Command Reject do?

It tells the network that the UE could not accept the PDU Session Modification Command and gives the rejection reason.

Who sends PDU Session Modification Command Reject?

The UE sends it to the SMF via the AMF.

When is PDU Session Modification Command Reject sent?

It is sent after the UE receives a PDU Session Modification Command and decides it cannot apply the requested update.

What are the important IEs in PDU Session Modification Command Reject?

Start with PDU Session ID and PTI, then inspect the 5GSM cause.

What happens if the UE rejects a modification command?

The SMF stops waiting for the completion path, aborts the modification procedure, and usually keeps the session unchanged unless cause #43 requires local release.

Does this message mean the session is new?

No. It only applies to an already active PDU session.

Is ASN.1 used for PDU Session Modification Command Reject?

No. It is a 5GSM NAS message defined by structured information elements in 3GPP TS 24.501.

Can this message be related to QoS or packet filter errors?

Yes. Those are among the most common reject reasons for this procedure.